1 Samuel 10:19

Authorized King James Version

And ye have this day rejected your God, who himself saved you out of all your adversities and your tribulations; and ye have said unto him, Nay, but set a king over us. Now therefore present yourselves before the LORD by your tribes, and by your thousands.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְאַתֶּ֨ם
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#2
הַיּ֜וֹם
And ye have this day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#3
מְאַסְתֶּ֣ם
rejected
to spurn; also (intransitively) to disappear
#4
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#5
אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֗ם
your God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#6
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#7
ה֣וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#8
מוֹשִׁ֣יעַ
who himself saved
properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e., (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor
#9
לָכֶם֮
H0
#10
מִכָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#11
רָעֽוֹתֵיכֶ֣ם
you out of all your adversities
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
#12
וְצָרֹֽתֵיכֶם֒
and your tribulations
transitively, a female rival
#13
וַתֹּ֣אמְרוּ
and ye have said
to say (used with great latitude)
#14
ל֔וֹ
H0
#15
כִּי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#16
מֶ֖לֶךְ
a king
a king
#17
תָּשִׂ֣ים
unto him Nay but set
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
#18
עָלֵ֑ינוּ
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#19
וְעַתָּ֗ה
at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
#20
הִֽתְיַצְּבוּ֙
over us Now therefore present
to place (any thing so as to stay); reflexively, to station, offer, continue
#21
לִפְנֵ֣י
yourselves before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#22
יְהוָ֔ה
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#23
לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶ֖ם
by your tribes
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
#24
וּלְאַלְפֵיכֶֽם׃
and by your thousands
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Samuel. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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